Causes of atopic dermatitis:
Atopic dermatitis is often inherited, and individuals with AD have a predisposition to allergies that is inherited. However, in some cases, AD can be a result of exposure to environmental factors, such as allergens or irritants. The causes of atopic dermatitis include:
Genetic predisposition: People with a family history of allergies or asthma are at a higher risk of developing AD.
Skin barrier deficiencies: Insufficient skin barrier function can lead to an increased susceptibility to allergens and irritants.
Environmental factors: Atopic dermatitis can be triggered by contact with harmful substances or extreme environmental conditions, such as high temperatures or humidity.
Symptoms of atopic dermatitis:
The symptoms of atopic dermatitis can vary depending on the age of the patient and the severity of the disease. The most common symptoms include:
Dry skin
Itching
Redness
Pimples
Skin cracks and erosions
In addition, atopic dermatitis can lead to other skin complications, such as bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. It can also have a negative impact on the patient’s quality of life, resulting in sleep disturbances or depressive symptoms.
Treatment of atopic dermatitis:
The treatment of AD involves both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. It is important to note that treatment should be tailored to each patient individually and done in consultation with a doctor. Topical treatment options for AD may include:
Emollients (moisturizing creams): These preparations are applied to the skin to moisturize and rebuild the skin barrier, helping to reduce itching and soothe irritation.
Topical corticosteroids: These are medications applied to the skin that inhibit inflammatory reactions and provide relief from symptoms such as redness, swelling, and itching.
Calcineurin inhibitors: These immunomodulatory drugs can serve as an alternative to glucocorticosteroids. They work by suppressing the immune response, leading to a reduction in skin inflammation.
It is advisable to consult an experienced allergologist before initiating any treatments for atopic dermatitis.
